Chill.



PATENTED DEC. 6, 1904.

J. R. WHITNEY.

CHILL.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 1. 1903.

2 SHEBTS-BHEET 1.

N0 MODEL.

5/7/10" [)esfgll.

I" .2. hip/" aid C/ll/l mum 1 ro'a No. 776.578. PATBNTED DEC. 6, 1904.J. R. WHITNEY.

CHILL.

I APPLICATION FILED JUNE 1. 1903.

10 MODEL. 2 SHEETSBHBET 2.

UNITED STATES Patented December 6, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN R. WHITNEY, OF RADNOR TOWNSHIP, DELAWVARE COUNTY, o

PENNSYLVANIA.

GHILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 776,5.3'78, datedDecember 6, 1904. Application filed June 1, 1903. Serial No. 159,660.(No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known thatI, JOHN R.WHITNEY, acitizen of the United States,residing in the township of Radnor, county of Delaware, and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inOhills, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of chills for casting car-wheelsknown as contracting chills; and it consists in constructing them in apractically solid formthat is, without any series of openings orperforations in which the kerfs terminate, and thus avoiding an increasein the thickness or width of the chill, as has heretofore been deemednecessary; in extending the slots or kerfs when desired for only apart'of the depth between the upper and lower faces of the chill andalternately from the opposite faces, and in constructing the cores so asto effectively and economically produce the improved chill, as fully setforth hereinafter and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhich- Figure 1 is a section of my improved solid self-adjusting chill.Fig. 2 is a part plan view. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a part of mychill, showing the kerfs as extending from face to face. Fig. 4 is apart perspective view of the chill, showing the kerfs as extendingalternately from the upper and lower faces to a little more thanhalf-way between them; Fig. 5, a perspective view of the core requiredto make the kerfs' as seen in Fig. 3; Fig. 6, a similar view showing thecore required to make the chill shown in Fig. 4:. Fig. 7 is a section ofa contracting chill now in use and typical of others. Fig. 8 is atopview of Fig. 7.

In that class of chills heretofore made and designated as contractingchills each chill, consisting of a ring, has had in some cases its innerface divided, in the process of casting, by slots or kerfs, each oneextending radially outward to a comparatively large opening orperforation X, Figs. 7 and 8. When the slots or kerfs have been cut bymeans of a saw, these cored-outopenings or perforations have beencontinued so close to the inner face of the chill as to leave only adistance not exceeding three-quarters of an inch from the 1 said innerface in order to reduce the thickness of the metal at the points whereit has to be sawed. It has heretofore also been considered necessary tomake these cored out openings or perforations wide and deep in orderthat the fingers or segments between the slots or kerfs should be ofextended length radially, upon the theory that by thus increasing theirlength there would be secured simultaneously a considerable expansion ofthese lingers or segments toward the center of the chill, thus followingup the contraction of the cast-iron forming the wheel as it cooled fromthe molten to the solid state, and so keeping the wheel and chill incontact with each other to produce a more uniform chilling effect uponthe tread of the wheel. Experience has demonstrated to me, however, thatthe value and effectof the so-called contracting chill is not due to anymaterial extent to the expansion of these separated fingers or segmentstoward the center, but is mainly due to their lateral expansion in thedirection of the circumference, which results in closing up the slots orkerfs, thus preventing any increase in the diameter of the chill itselfand any strain upon the same when suddenly heated. The chill thereforedoes not materially contract in its diameter, butsimply retainspractically its original dimensions, and as molten iron, like water,expands as it solidifies by thus maintaining the size of the chill thisexpansion of the molten iron in solidifying secures the desired contactbetween the wheel and chill until all the chilling effect required isproduced on the tread of the wheel. Thereafter as the chill becomesheated throughout it expands,while the further cooling and contractionof the wheel results in breaking the contact between the chill and thewheel, so that the latter may be easily removed from the flask. Thisbeing the action in chills having their inner portions slotted ordivided, I find that the desired results may be secured withoutenlarging them, as heretofore, but by making them of the same outsidediameter as the ordinary solid unkerfed chills, thereby reducing thatdiameter three to four or more inches less than in the contractingchills throughout their length.

now in use and considerably reducing the weight of the chill and thespace it occupies in the foundry. At the same time the depth of thekerfs is not materially less than those now out in all such chills, andby my improved process of construction the kerfs instead of extendingall the way through from face to face of the chill may be extended whendesired alternately from each face to only half or two-thirds thedistance between the upper and lower faces, thus leaving each segmentsolid with the body of the chill for a considerable portion of itslength. It will be evident that it would not be practicable to thus formthe slots for half the thickness of the ordinary solid chilling-ring,and especially so when the kerfs extend only half-way between its upperand lower faces, by sawing or cutting the same mechanically, and Itherefore have devised means for producing them in the act of castingwithout coring it at regular intervals, so as to produce the largeopenings or perforations heretofore considered necessary.

To thus manufacture the chills, I make a series of cores, eachconsisting of a frame A, open at the outer side, as best shown in Fig.5, with a solid rod or metal body 0 instead of a body of sand, asheretofore, extending across this open side and supporting one edge of athin sheet cl, of asbestos paper or other refractory material, which isfolded around and secured to the rod or metal body 0 on one side andembedded at its other edges, as may be required, in the sandconstituting the other three sides of the said frame A. The necessity ofthus supporting the asbestos sheets arises from the fact that the kerfsto be produced must be of such narrow width that the molten metal cannotflow into the same, and no sheet thick enough to be self-supporting willproduce a kerf of the necessary limited width. Each frame has an openinga in the lower member, through which the molten iron enters in castingthe chill, and a riser-opening b. In order to make a chill, a series ofthese cores A, which expand in width toward the outer portions, asshown, Fig. 5, are arranged side by side, forming a ring in aproperlyconstructed mold. The open sides of the cores being closed bythe section C of the sand mold, the molten metal fills the space betweenthe frame A of the cores and the part 0, thus embedding the rod or metalbody 0 and sheets (Z in the casting, the asbestos preventing thesegments from becoming solid with each other, and thus forming therequired kerfs in the completed chill, which kerfs, it will be seen, areof uniform width I thus secure fingers or segments 9, Figs. 2 and 4, ofwhat I have found to be sufficient depth without the necessity ofenlarging the thickness of the chill from the inner to the outer face orof producing large not only reduce openings therein, and I thus theweight and consequent cost, but so reduce the diameter of the chillsthat it is possible to set several more chills within a given area thanheretofore.

It has also been found to be the fact that when the slots extend fromthe upper to the lower face of the chill, completely separating thesegments g g from each other through the whole distance between thesetwo faces, Fig. 3, there is difficulty in turning the inner face of thechill to the contour of any required templet owing to the yielding andspringing of the segments under the action of the turning-tool. Thisresults in the edges of the segments or fingers being fractured andbroken away in many instances. To prevent this result, I prefer insteadof extending the kerfs all the way through from the upper to the lowerface of the chill to extend them for only one-half or a little more thanone-half of that distance and alternately from the opposite faces, asindicated in Fig. 4. This is effected by making the asbestos sheets (Znarrower than the width of the frame A, so that each shall extend onlypart of the distance across the opening inclosed by the frame A, asshown in Figs. at and 6, the cores being set in the mold, so that theadjacent sheets shall extend alternately from the upper and lower facesof the chill. By this means each segment 9, Fig. 4:, is so supportedthat it will not spring under the action of the cutting-tool.

The asbestos sheets d consist of paper-pulp and finely-ground mineralasbestos. When these sheets are exposed to the heat of the molten metalin casting the chill, the paper is destroyed and the fine mineralasbestos drops out, leaving clean and clear kerfs in the casting. Themetal bodies 0 used to support the sheets become firmly embedded in thecasting, as before stated, and their projecting portions are readilybroken off in cleaning the chill.

It will be seen that my improved ohill differs from those made byslitting back to openings therein by having kerfs with uncut facesthatis, faces formed by casting against the thin cores-and of course thekerfs are much narrower than is possible when they are formed by a tool.The chill also differs from that incidentally shown in my Letters PatentNo. 352,792 in that it is shown as having kerfs formed by sheets thickenough to be self-supporting, which would make them of such width thatthe molten metal could flow into the same, producing radial fins on thecasting.

Without limiting myself to the precise construction and arrangement ofparts shown, I claim- 1. A chill consisting of a ring having acontinuous outer periphery and with the inner portion in sectionsseparated by radial kerfs of uniform width that will not receive themolten metal, extending from the inner face to their terminations,substantially as set forth.

2. A chill consisting of a ring with a 0011 IIO tinuons outer peripheryand divided at the to this specification in the presence of two subinnerpart into sections by kerfs of uniform scribing witnesses. width thatwill not receive the molten metal extending alternately from the upperand 5 lower faces of the chill, each fora part of the Witnesses:

depth of the latter, substantially as set forth. CHARLES H. WHITNEY,

In testimony whereof I have signed my name Time. Ur. BACHRAU.

JOHN R. WHITNEY.

